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金融研究  2021, Vol. 498 Issue (12): 1-19    
  绿色金融专辑 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
金融政策与经济低碳转型——基于增长视角的研究
潘冬阳, 陈川祺, Michael Grubb
中国人民大学应用经济学院, 北京 100872;
中央财经大学金融学院, 北京 100081;
伦敦大学学院可持续资源研究所, 英国伦敦 WC1H0NN
Financial Policy and Low-Carbon Transition of the Economy: A Growth Perspective
PAN Dongyang, CHEN Chuanqi, GRUBB Michael
School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China;
School of Finance, Central University of Finance and Economics;
Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London
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摘要 在“碳中和”目标背景下,本文基于经济“增长”视角,从理论上分析金融政策在经济低碳转型中能够发挥的作用。我们构建了一个包含清洁(绿色)与非清洁(非绿色)生产部门、定向技术进步、金融约束与金融政策的内生增长模型。通过基于模型的理论证明与数值模拟,我们发现:(1)清洁部门相对非清洁部门更强的金融约束会推迟经济低碳转型过程、导致环境恶化,绿色金融政策能够缓解清洁部门的金融约束。(2)绿色金融政策能够增加清洁部门的产量,在一定条件下,还能促进经济实现低碳转型并阻止环境恶化。(3)通过金融政策推动经济低碳转型,相比部分财政政策具有成本效益优势;两类政策存在组合搭配的空间。(4)在疫情冲击后加大绿色金融政策力度,将有益于实现“绿色复苏”,并有可能以相对平时更低的成本,加快“碳达峰”与经济低碳转型的进程。
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潘冬阳
陈川祺
Michael Grubb
关键词:  绿色金融政策  低碳转型  绿色复苏  定向技术进步    
Summary:  Given the global net-zero target for carbon emissions and awareness of the role of investment and finance in a low-carbon economic transition, financial regulators in many countries have started to promote green investment by developing so-called green financial policy to alleviate the barriers to and increase the incentives for green investment. For example, central banks provide refinancing for banks that conduct green lending. Discussion and development of green financial policy have increased in recent years as climate change and environmental degradation have intensified. In 2016,China promulgated the Guidelines for Establishing the Green Financial System, in which several green financial policy tools were first proposed. Financial regulators worldwide have started to take action, particularly since the founding of the Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System in 2017.
The growth of green financial policy is expected to continue; however, many questions remain about the theoretical relationship between green financial policy and the low-carbon transition of the physical economy, which is the ultimate purpose of this policy. Do financial factors affect the low-carbon transition? If so, how? What can financial policy do for the transition?Compared with other policies, what are the advantages and disadvantages of green financial policy? Moreover, given the current COVID-19 pandemic, what can green financial policy do for the “green recovery” that is being called for by many? This study aims to answer these questions.
We build a macroeconomic growth model of directed technical change. In this model, the production sector is divided into two parts—clean and non-clean—to analyze the transition of industrial structure and its environmental impact. We introduce financial constraints and financing costs to analyze the role of financial policy. The model is also extended with the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic to analyze the green recovery.
Using the model, we first show the specific roles of financial policy in supporting the low-carbon transition by giving and proving four formal propositions. This clarifies the mechanisms through which financial factors can play a role in the low-carbon transition. Second, we numerically analyze the effect of green financial policy and compare it with the effects of other green economic policies. This reveals the advantages and disadvantages of green financial policy and can help policymakers choose appropriate policies. Third, we simulate the dynamics of the economy under different policy scenarios with and without the COVID-19 shock. This shows what the pandemic and different policy mixes could bring to the green transition and economic recovery.
This study finds that (1) stronger financial constraints in the clean sector relative to the non-clean sector delay the low-carbon economic transition and cause environmental degradation, and green financial policy can alleviate these financial constraints. (2) Green financial policy can increase the output of the clean sector and, under certain conditions, facilitate the low-carbon transition of the economy and prevent environmental degradation. (3) Financial policy is cost-effective compared with some fiscal policies that promote the low-carbon transition; there is space for mixing policies. (4) Increasing the intensity of green financial policy in the aftermath of the pandemic would be beneficial for achieving a green recovery and may accelerate the low-carbon economic transition at a cost lower than expected.
Our work has significance for both research and policy. In terms of research, this study discusses the role of financial policy in the low-carbon transition from the economic growth perspective using a theoretical model. It extends the horizon of financial development theory from the sustainability perspective and provides a theoretical basis for future empirical research on the effects of green financial policy. Our growth model, which includes factors related to green finance, could also be a useful tool for future research. In terms of policy, this paper provides a theoretical basis for analysing green financial policy and provides policymakers with the following practical information: the mechanisms by which green financial policy works, the advantages and disadvantages of such policy,the way to effectively mix different policies and policy recommendations for the post-pandemic era.
Keywords:  Green Financial Policy    Low-Carbon Transition    Green Recovery    Directed Technical Change
JEL分类号:  E58   O38   Q58  
基金资助: * 本文是中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果,项目名称:金融政策与经济低碳转型:基于增长视角的研究。感谢各会议评议人、匿名审稿人的宝贵意见,文责自负。
通讯作者:  陈川祺,博士研究生,中央财经大学金融学院,E-mail:chuanqichen@126.com.   
作者简介:  潘冬阳,经济学博士,讲师,中国人民大学应用经济学院,E-mail:pdy@ruc.edu.cn.MichaelGrubb,哲学博士,教授,伦敦大学学院可持续资源研究所,E-mail:m.grubb@ucl.ac.uk.
引用本文:    
潘冬阳, 陈川祺, Michael Grubb. 金融政策与经济低碳转型——基于增长视角的研究[J]. 金融研究, 2021, 498(12): 1-19.
PAN Dongyang, CHEN Chuanqi, GRUBB Michael. Financial Policy and Low-Carbon Transition of the Economy: A Growth Perspective. Journal of Financial Research, 2021, 498(12): 1-19.
链接本文:  
http://www.jryj.org.cn/CN/  或          http://www.jryj.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V498/I12/1
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