|
|
|
| Income Distribution Unfairness, Social Insurance and Happiness of the Chinese |
| YANG Yinan, ZHANG Shangfeng
|
Lingnan College, Sun Yat-Sen University;
Statistics and Mathematics Institute, ZheJiang GongShang University |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Using pooled cross-sectional data from China General Society Survey, the empirical results demonstrate that income distribution unfairness will significantly reduce the happiness of respondents by 8.4%. Without medical insurance or old age insurance would reduce the happiness by 4.84% and 4.64% respectively. Social insurance is an important factor contributing to China's income distribution unfair. The respondents' happiness will grow 5.32% while their social economic status rise up one unit. The absolute income still has a significant effect and a conversed U-style relationship with happiness. Compared by their coefficients and significances, the income distribution unfair has the largest effect on happiness, the second is relative income, and the last is absolute income. These results indicate that the Chinese worries much less about income, while more about income distribution inequality and most against income distribution unfairness.
|
|
Received: 09 November 2015
Published: 01 January 1900
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
封进, 2014,《社会保险对工资的影响》,《金融研究》第7期,第109~123页。
|
| [2] |
胡洪曙和鲁元平,2012,《收入不平等、健康与老年人主观幸福感》,《中国软科学》第11期,第41~56页。
|
| [3] |
何立新和潘春阳,2011,《破解中国的“Easterlin悖论”:收入差距、机会不均与居民幸福感》,《管理世界》第8期,第11~22页。
|
| [4] |
黄有光,2003,《效率、公平与公共支出政策—扩大公共支出势在必行》,社会科学文献出版社,第168页。
|
| [5] |
李实等,2013,《中国离退休人员收入分配的横向与纵向失衡分析》,《金融研究》第2期,第1~18页。
|
| [6] |
鲁元平和王韬,2011,《收入不平等、社会犯罪与国民幸福感》,《经济学季刊》第10卷第4期,第1437~1458页。
|
| [7] |
罗楚亮,2009,《绝对收入、相对收入与主观幸福感》,《财经研究》第11期,第79~91页。
|
| [8] |
亓寿伟和周少甫,2010,《收入、健康与医保对老年人幸福感的影响》,《公共管理学报》第1期,第100~107页。
|
| [9] |
闰丙金,2012,《收入、社会阶层认同与主观幸福感》,《统计研究》第10期,第64~72页。
|
| [10] |
田国强和杨立岩,2006,《对“幸福——收入之谜”的一个解答》,《经济研究》第11期,第4~15页。
|
| [11] |
王鹏,2011,《收入差距对中国居民主观幸福感的影响分析》,《中国人口科学》第3期,第93~101页。
|
| [12] |
伍德里奇,J.M.,2007,《横截面与面板数据的经济计量分析》,中国人民大学出版社,第451页。
|
| [13] |
赵新宇等,2013,《收入、预期与公众主观幸福感》,《经济学家》第9期,第15~23页。
|
| [14] |
Alesina, A., Tella R.D. and MacCulloch, R.2004, “Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?” Journal of Public Economics, 88(9-10):2009~2042.
|
| [15] |
Bjornskov, C., et.al., 2009. “On the Relation Between Income Inequality and Happiness: Do Fairness Perceptions Matter?” Working Papers 027, Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg.
|
| [16] |
Brockmann,H. et al, 2008. “The China Puzzle: Falling Happiness in Rising Economy”, Journal of Happiness Studies,10(4):387~405.
|
| [17] |
DiTella, R., MacCulloch. R., and Oswald, A., 2003. “The Macroeconomics of Happiness”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4):809~827.
|
| [18] |
Easterlin, R.A., 1974. Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence. In David, P.A. and Reder, M.W(eds). Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramowitz, New York and London: Academic Press,.
|
| [19] |
Easterlin, R.A., 1995. “Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All?” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27(1):35~47.
|
| [20] |
Easterlin,R.A.,2003.“Explaining Happiness”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,100(19):11176~11183.
|
| [21] |
Easterlin, R.A. et.al., 2012. “China's Life Satisfication:1990-2010”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(25):9775~9780.
|
| [22] |
Ferreri-Carbinell, A., 2005. “Income and Well-being: An Empirical Analysis of the Comparison Income Effect”, Journal of Public Economics, 89(5-6):997~1019.
|
| [23] |
Graham. C. and Pettinato, S.,2010. “Happiness,Markets,and Democracy:Latin America in Comparative Perspective”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2(3):237~268.
|
| [24] |
Haring,M.J. Stock, W.A. and Okum, M.A., 1984. “A Research Synthesis of Gender and Social Class as Correlates of Subjective Well-Being”, Human Relations,37(8):645~657.
|
| [25] |
Jiang S. Lu, M. and Sato, H., 2010. “Identity, Inequality and Happiness: Evidence from Urban China”, Working Paper for Industrial Development Center, Fu-Dan University.
|
| [26] |
Kahneman, D. and Krueger, A., 2006. “Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well being”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1):3~24.
|
| [27] |
Knight, J. Lina, S. and Gunatilaka, R., 2009. “Subjective Well-Being and Its Determinants in Rural China”, China Economic Review, 20(4):635~649.
|
| [28] |
Kotakorpi, K. and Laamanen, J., 2010. “Welfare State and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from Public Health Care”, Economica, 77(307):565~583.
|
| [29] |
Oswald,A.,1997. “Happiness and Economic Performance”, The Economic Journal, 107(445):1815~1831.
|
| [30] |
Roemer, J., 1998. “Equality of Opportunity”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,MA.
|
| [31] |
Seligman, M.E.P. Parks, A.C. and Steen, T.A, 2004. “A Balanced Psychology and a Full Life, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 359(1449): 1379~1381.
|
| [32] |
Senik, C., 2004. “When Information Dominates Comparison: A Panel Data Analysis Using Russian Subjective Data”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol.88(9-10):2099~2133.
|
| [33] |
Schneider,S.M., 2011. “Income Inequality and Its Consequences for Life Satisfaction: What Role do Social Cognitions Play?”, Social Indicator Research, 106(3):419~438.
|
| [34] |
Veenhoven,R., 1996. “Happy Life Expectancy: A Comprehensive Measure of Quality-of-Life in Nations”, Social Indicators Research, 39(1):1~58.
|
|
|
|
