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| Can Urban Agglomeration Policies Promote the Coordinated Development of Regional Finance？ A Perspective Based on Chinese Dialects |
| LIU Qian, ZHU Shushang, WU Fei
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Business School, Sun Yat-Sen University;
Laboratory for Behavioral and Regional Finance,Guangdong University of Finance;
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,National University of Singapore |
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Abstract China's economy is transitioning from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and a key issue is how to best facilitate this transition. Optimizing spatial layout, agglomerating factors, and building advanced urban agglomerations can ensure high-quality development. Under the modern economic system, the operation of the financial system has clear regional characteristics, and the coordinated development of regional finance is critical to the optimal allocation of resources. Financial development theories increasingly emphasize the influence of formal and informal institutional factors, and provide a new perspective on the coordinated development of regional finance in relation to institutional arrangements and social capital allocation.
This paper uses data on the dialects, finances, economies, and urban agglomerations of 338 cities from 2001 to 2015 to examine the impact of formal institutions (urban agglomeration policies) and informal institutions (culture) on the coordinated development of regional finance. It finds that urban agglomeration policies effectively improve the quality of regional financial development. Such policies improve the overall level of financial development; they also bridge gaps in financial development among different regions and result in balanced development.
As formal and informal institutions evolve together, the formal institutions may change or disappear, but informal institutions (especially culture) may be more lasting. Therefore, this paper further explores the role of local culture (dialect) in the relationship between urban agglomeration policies and coordinated development of regional finance. In general, dialect consistency can assist urban agglomeration policies in coordinating regional financial development. More specifically, dialect consistency benefits financial development in two ways. Compared with cities that are not in urban agglomerations, cities in the same urban agglomeration with the same dialect have better coordinated financial development. In addition, dialect consistency can weaken the market segmentation effect of urban agglomeration policies at the boundaries of urban agglomerations. Thus, informal institutions play an important role in the relationship between formal institutions and financial development. The robustness of these findings is confirmed by multiple tests, including a placebo test, change of sample period, and substitution of independent or dependent variables.
In terms of mechanisms, this paper starts with the function of strengthening communication and enhancing mutual trust due to a common dialect, and deconstructs its mechanism. Due to the popularization of Mandarin, the communicative function of dialect has been somewhat weakened, but dialects still play a role in the relationship between urban agglomeration policies and the coordinated development of regional finance. Dialect consistency can reduce communication costs, improve trust, and promote the development of finance. This conclusion is also valid after considering consanguinity among individuals.
The contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it establishes a framework to analyze the impact of urban agglomeration policy on regional finance from the perspectives of overall financial development and regional disparity, avoiding the policy biases that may result from a single perspective. Second, as the role of informal institutions, especially regional culture, is unique and prolonged, and in some ways exceeds that of formal institutions, this paper investigates how dialects influence urban agglomeration policy and the coordinated development of regional finance.
Finally, this paper proposes the following policy suggestions. First, the creation of urban agglomerations and development policies should consider not only geographical distance but also cultural distance, as represented by dialects. The closer the culture is, the smaller the urban market segmentation. Dialect consistency strengthens the positive impact of urban agglomeration policies on the coordinated development of regional finance. Second, it is urgently necessary to establish a more sophisticated credit system. The results of this study show that dialect consistency enhances the impact of urban agglomeration policies on financial development through the mechanism of identity-based trust. The higher the credit level of a society, the better its economy.
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Received: 05 November 2018
Published: 30 March 2020
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